Found the solution to this issue.
In the project_milestones table, I found a milestone with a due date with the year 2099. I made a backup of the table and then removed this milestone.
After removing the milestone, I went to the "View All" in the workspace navigation area and viewed all tasks with each of the filters.
Additionally, this resolved the "Add subtask" issue.
I've also verified that dates outside of the acceptable range re-introduce the error.
I'm not sure how a milestone was created with the year of 2099 in the due date but I hope it helps anyone else who might experience this issue.